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paisa region
A Paisa is someone from a region in the northwest of Colombia including the part of the Andes in Colombia.〔"(Región paisa )": Paisas.biz , link retrieved on 4 April 2009.〕 The Paisa region is formed by the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, Risaralda and Quindío. Some regions of Valle del Cauca Department (north) and Tolima Department (west) belong to the cultural identity of ''paisas''. The main cities are Medellín, Pereira, Manizales and Armenia.
The name of Paisa derives from the Spanish apocope of ''Paisano'' (one from the same country), although they are also known as "Antioqueños" (those from the old Antioquia that included the other Paisa provinces and that was a single administrative body until the creation of the Caldas State in 1905.) Although many refer to Paisas as an ethnic group (''raza antioqueña'' or ''raza paisa''), they are a part of the Colombians and Latin American peoples.
Paisas can be found in other regions of Colombia and the Americas where they have migrated. They have a particular way of speaking Spanish to the point that some writers refer to it as "''español antioqueño''".〔José J. Zapata: "(Gregoria Gutierrez González )" , link retrieved on 4 April 2009. Cite: "''y como solo para Antioquia escribo, yo no escribo español sino antioqueño''" (tr.en.: "Because I write only for Antioquia, I do not write in Spanish but in Antioquean."〕
== Genetics ==
The Paisas have been considered a genetically isolated population according to scientific studies.〔Bedoya G, Montoya P, Garcia J, Soto I, Bourgeois S, Carvajal L, Labuda D, Alvarez V, Ospina J, Hedrick PW, Ruiz-Linares A (2006) Admixture dynamics in Hispanics: A shift in the nuclear genetic ancestry of a South American population isolate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103:7234-7239; Service S, Deyoung J, Karayiorgou M, Roos JL, Pretorious H, Bedoya G, Ospina J, Ruiz-Linares A, Macedo A, Palha JA, Heutink P, Aulchenko Y, Oostra B, van Duijn C, Jarvelin MR, Varilo T, Peddle L, Rahman P, Piras G, Monne M, Murray S, Galver L, Peltonen L, Sabatti C, Collins A, Freimer N (2006) Magnitude and distribution of linkage disequilibrium in population isolates and implications for genome-wide association studies. Nat Genet 38:556-560.〕 As evidenced by the analysis of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal markers, the initial founding of the Paisa population occurred primarily through the admixture of Spanish males and Native females.〔Carvajal-Carmona LG, Soto ID, Pineda N, Ortiz-Barrientos D, Duque C, Ospina-Duque J, McCarthy M, Montoya P, Alvarez VM, Bedoya G, Ruiz-Linares A (2000) Strong Amerind/white sex bias and a possible Sephardic contribution among the founders of a population in northwest Colombia. Am J Hum Genet 67(5):1287-95; Carvajal-Carmona LG, Ophoff R, Service S, Hartiala J, Molina J, Leon P, Ospina J, Bedoya G, Freimer N, Ruiz-Linares A (2003) Genetic demography of Antioquia (Colombia) and the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Am J Hum Genet 112(5-6):534-41〕 Subsequently, within the emerging colonial society, marriage with individuals of Spanish ancestry was encouraged over marriage with individuals of Native ancestry, leading to the predominantly European ancestry of today's Paisa population.〔Bedoya G, Montoya P, Garcia J, Soto I, Bourgeois S, Carvajal L, Labuda D, Alvarez V, Ospina J, Hedrick PW, Ruiz-Linares A (2006) Admixture dynamics in Hispanics: A shift in the nuclear genetic ancestry of a South American population isolate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103:7234-7239〕 The mountains played a role in isolating the population until the end of the nineteenth century and the area's industrial revolution. The nineteenth and early twentieth century also brought European and Middle Eastern immigrants to the region, notably from Spain, Italy, Germany, Lebanon, France and Eastern Europe. Most of these immigrants ended up intermixing with the Paisa population.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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